نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه آموزش زیست شناسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
2 دبیر زیست شناسی، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objectives: Learning protein structures in biology requires a solid comprehension of chemical bonds. This study investigated the effect of reviewing chemical bond prerequisites on learning protein structures, comparing students in gifted (SAMPAD) and ordinary public schools.
Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a 2×2 factorial structure and non-equivalent groups was employed. The sample comprised 58 twelfth-grade female biology students (30 gifted, 28 ordinary) selected through purposive sampling. The researcher-made learning test comprised 15 multiple-choice and 5 essay questions. Content Validity Ratio (CVR = 0.78), Content Validity Index (CVI = 0.85), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.82) confirmed instrument validity and reliability. Experimental groups received a 60-minute prerequisite chemical bond review. Data were analyzed using two-way ANCOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests on adjusted means after confirming baseline equivalence within school tiers.
Findings: The covariate (pretest) significantly predicted posttest scores (F(1, 53) = 55.20, p < 0.001, η² = 0.516). Main effects of school type (F(1, 53) = 41.28, p < 0.001, η² = 0.443) and prerequisite review (F(1, 53) = 22.41, p < 0.001, η² = 0.305), as well as their interaction effect (F(1, 53) = 7.96, p = 0.007, η² = 0.133), were statistically significant. Bonferroni tests indicated that the intervention significantly enhanced learning in the ordinary school (mean difference = 2.79, p < 0.01), whereas the gain in the gifted school was not statistically significant (mean difference = 0.84, p = 0.12). Crucially, the intervention substantially narrowed the achievement gap between the two school types.
Conclusion: Prerequisite review acts as an indispensable cognitive scaffold, particularly in mitigating educational disparities in regular schools.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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