کتاب و دفترچه تعاملی، ابزارهای یادگیری انگیزشی و فعال در آموزش زیست‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه فرهنگیان (پردیس شهید هاشمی نزاد)

2 دپارتمان فیزیولوژی جانوری، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

دوره‌های کوتاه آموزش زیست‌شناسی باکیفیت کنونی نمی‌تواند موجب ایجاد درک عمیقی در دانش‌آموختگان این علم نسبت به پدیده‌های زیست‌شناختی و توانایی‌هایی نظیر حل مسئله در آن‌ها شود. ابزارهای آموزشی حاوی امکانات چندرسانه‌ای می‌توانند زمینه‌ساز ایجاد تعامل، انگیزش و درک عمیق در یادگیرنده باشند. کتب تعاملی به‌واسطۀ ایجاد فعالیت‌های آموزشی مبتنی بر یادگیری فعال فراگیر، ابزارهای منحصربه‌فرد آموزشی در حال گسترش به­ شمار می‌آیند. تحقیقات نشان داده است که به‌کارگیری دفترچه تعاملی در کنار کتاب تعاملی می‌تواند موجب افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری فرایند آموزش در مواجهه با پدیده‌های غیرقابل‌پیش‌بینی جهانی، نظیر گسترش ویروس کرونا، گردد. اتصال فراگیران به بخش‌های جذاب چندرسانه‌ای، مشارکت در انجمن‌های پرسش- پاسخ و ارزشیابی‌های فعال از ویژگی‌های استفاده از این ابزار در فرایند آموزش است. ترسیم تصاویر کاریکاتور (کمیک) در کتاب­های تعاملی نیز می‌تواند در افزایش جلب‌توجه و ایجاد یادگیری شناختی مؤثر باشد. در این پژوهش که به شیوۀ مروری و با جمع ­آوری و بهره ­گیری از نتایج مطالعات علمی در سال ­های اخیر انجام شد، با بررسی مقالات، کتاب­ های معتبر و ارائه ایده‌ای نوین، به بیان ویژگی‌ها و لزوم استفاده از کتاب و دفترچۀ تعاملی با تصاویر کاریکاتور در آموزش فعال زیست‌شناسی پرداخته‌شده است. به نظر می‌رسد که انتقال اطلاعات با رویکردهای مفهومی آموزش شناختی به صورت‌های مجازی یا حضوری و یا تلفیقی از هر دو روش کاربرد داشته باشند؛ بنابراین به‌کارگیری این ابزارهای نوین آموزشی در کنار تغییرات مربیان و فراگیران در یادگیری فعال تحول‌آفرین خواهد بود.

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