Background and Objectives: Immunology plays a pivotal role in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the human body’s defense and response to pathogenic agents. As a fundamental discipline, it contributes significantly to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate how the concept of immunity is represented in high school biology textbooks, using William Rumi’s model. Methods: The research employed a descriptive–applied design based on content analysis. Considering the significance of the Immunology topic in human health and the limited availability of relevant materials in other textbooks, Chapter 5 of the 11th-grade biology textbook (2024 edition), comprising 245 textual units, 18 non-textual units (images), and 9 activity units, was selected as the study corpus for analysis. Findings: The results revealed that the content engagement coefficients for text and images were 0.08 and 0.14, respectively, indicating that these components are largely inactive. Furthermore, the activity-oriented index of this topic was calculated at 0.6, which falls within the desirable range defined by William Rumi. The overall mean engagement coefficient of the text, images, and activity-based components was 0.27, suggesting that the immunity topic in the biology textbooks remains predominantly passive in nature. Conclusion: Given the crucial importance of immunology in biological education, it is essential that textbook content be designed to incorporate up-to-date scientific knowledge while actively engaging students in the processes of learning and critical thinking. Such an approach can play a significant role in enhancing students’ motivation and improving the overall quality of biology education.
Khorasani, M. , Milani-Tabriz, H. S. , Irani, M. and Rashidi, M. (2025). Content Analysis of the Text, Images, and Learning Activities of the Immunology Section of the 11th-Grade Biology Textbook. Research in Biology Education, 5(1), 54-68.
MLA
Khorasani, M. , , Milani-Tabriz, H. S. , , Irani, M. , and Rashidi, M. . "Content Analysis of the Text, Images, and Learning Activities of the Immunology Section of the 11th-Grade Biology Textbook", Research in Biology Education, 5, 1, 2025, 54-68.
HARVARD
Khorasani, M., Milani-Tabriz, H. S., Irani, M., Rashidi, M. (2025). 'Content Analysis of the Text, Images, and Learning Activities of the Immunology Section of the 11th-Grade Biology Textbook', Research in Biology Education, 5(1), pp. 54-68.
CHICAGO
M. Khorasani , H. S. Milani-Tabriz , M. Irani and M. Rashidi, "Content Analysis of the Text, Images, and Learning Activities of the Immunology Section of the 11th-Grade Biology Textbook," Research in Biology Education, 5 1 (2025): 54-68,
VANCOUVER
Khorasani, M., Milani-Tabriz, H. S., Irani, M., Rashidi, M. Content Analysis of the Text, Images, and Learning Activities of the Immunology Section of the 11th-Grade Biology Textbook. Research in Biology Education, 2025; 5(1): 54-68.
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