Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Teacher Biology, Ministry of Education, 20 District, Tehran , Iran.
2
Leccturer University and Teacher at Ministry of Education, District 11, Tehran, Iran
3
Teacher at Ministry of Education, 18 District, Tehran Province, Iran
4
Teacher at Ministry of Education, District 18, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The fifth chapter of the 10th-grade biology textbook, titled "Osmoregulation and Excretion of Waste Materials," is one of the foundational topics in animal physiology. This study aims to qualitatively analyze the content of this chapter in terms of visual structure, textual clarity, content comprehensiveness, and appropriateness of images. Methods: This study was conducted with a mixed-method (quantitative-qualitative) approach. Quantitative analysis included counting and coding all textual, visual, and educational activity components on pages 69 to 78 of the book. Simultaneously, qualitative analysis was applied to the chapter's content using thematic analysis. To ensure the reliability of the qualitative analysis, the degree of agreement between two coders was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The obtained value (0.78) indicated good agreement. Findings: The most significant shortcomings include: lack of a conceptual map at the beginning of the chapter, long and vague sentences (especially on page 69), low quality and irrelevant images (the image at the beginning of page 69, the kidney image on page 70, the nephron image on page 71), failure to distinguish between the concepts of osmoregulation and excretion, no mention of electrolyte balance, ignoring the role of other organs (lungs, skin, liver) in homeostasis, incomplete coverage of excretory mechanisms in different animals, and the complete omission of osmoregulation in plants. Conclusion: The fifth chapter of the 10th-grade biology textbook suffers from significant structural, visual, and content deficiencies. Fundamental revisions in images, rewriting of vague sentences, addition of a conceptual map, comparative tables, and a subsection on plants are essential.
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